- It is wise to take stock of the talents of your people.
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INTRODUCTION
As I visit corporate clients, I am always amazed to see how out of touch Information Technology (I.T.) managers are in terms of knowing the talents and abilities of their staff. Such ignorance makes it difficult to properly assign staff to project assignments. Consequently, there is a tendency for companies to hire too many outside consultants or purchase training programs unnecessarily. Why? Because most I.T. organizations refuse to take the time to develop and maintain a simple "Skills Inventory" which catalogs and rates the skills of their human resources. You cannot capitalize on the talents of your staff if you do not know what they are.
WHAT IS A SKILL?
A skill is a developed aptitude or ability for performing a certain task. It represents specific knowledge or talents as developed by education and/or experience. Skills relate to the type of work we do and the tools and techniques we use. We can define skills as vaguely or as precisely as we so desire, but the real value of a Skills Inventory lies in precision. The following are categories of skills we have developed for IT organizations:
Basic Business Skills: e.g., Conducting a meeting, Interviewing, Speaking/presentations, Writing, E-Mail, Word Processing, etc.
Business Functions: knowledge of a specific corporate function, e.g., Marketing, Sales, Manufacturing, Inventory, etc.
Degrees & Certifications: e.g., Associates Degree, Bachelors, Masters, Doctoral, trade certifications, Notary Public, etc.
Languages: foreign - e.g., French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish, etc. Programming - e.g., Basic, C, COBOL, Java, Pascal, etc.
Methodology: Listing the Phases and Activities of in-house methodologies, such as the "PRIDE" Methodologies for IRM.
Standards: corporate policies, writing standards, design and development, etc.
Tools & techniques: programming techniques (e.g., OOP), data base design, DBMS, CASE tools, program generators, workbenches, Office Suites, Graphics Packages, etc.
Some companies also use a Skills Inventory to track the talents of machine resources. Some have found it of value to inventory such things on a computer as languages supported, memory, program utilities, compilers, backup programs, and various other attributes about the operating system. This is useful for tracking hardware resources and determining when it is necessary to upgrade equipment.
Knowing a resource's skill is one thing, knowing its level of proficiency is another.
WHAT IS A PROFICIENCY?
Skills and proficiencies are not synonymous, although they are complementary. Proficiency refers to the degree of knowledge or experience someone or something (a machine) possesses for performing the task.
Proficiency is normally based on some sort of scale, such as 1 (low) to 9 (high). In many organizations, the establishment of any proficiency rating is a highly sensitive subject as it is believed it is used for job performance review. In this situation, most people will use an "average" proficiency rating (5). Unfortunately, this will not help in analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of our human and machine resources.
After the list of skills has been prepared, they should be developed into a survey for each resource. Although the survey could be circulated, it is recommended human resources be interviewed individually to clarify intent and responses. Here, the resource is not asked how well they know a specific skill (good or bad). Instead, they are asked to qualify their response. For example:
A. Could qualify as an INSTRUCTOR or EXPERT in this area (9)
B. Could act as an ASSISTANT INSTRUCTOR (6)
C. Has had formal training or experience (STUDENT) (3)
D. Is familiar with the CONCEPT or OBJECT (1)
This approach is much less intimidating to employees and tends to produce honest results. From this, a Skills Inventory can be developed to show the skills and proficiencies of each resource. Also, an average resource proficiency rating can be calculated for each skill which may indicate the need for additional training.
Determining the proficiency of machine skills can be far less painstaking. Depending on the equipment, an operator or product manual can usually describe the capabilities of the equipment.
CREATING THE SKILLS INVENTORY
There are many ways to create and maintain a Skills Inventory; e.g., a simple card catalog/index, commercial software, or even a simple data base package as found on most of today's PC's can be used. For a basic Skills Inventory, only two reports are needed:
1. Resource Profile - describing the skills of a single resource (see Figure 1)
2. Skill Description - describing all of the resources with a specific skill (see Figure 2). Please note the "Average Proficiency" figure at the bottom of the report; this is important figure for determining overall proficiency.
An optional third report can also be prepared, a "Resource/Skill Matrix" which gives a more global view of resources-to-skills (see Figure 3).
----------------------------------------------------------------
RESOURCE PROFILE
----------------------------------------------------------------
MAR 20, 2015 PAGE 1
**************************************************
* RESOURCE: RE-01557 SHINE, JOSEPH *
**************************************************
ALT ID- 274-65-8876
LAST EVALUATED- 03/20/2014
TYPE- HUMAN, INTERNAL
DATE HIRED- 12/01/2002
SKILLS- PROFICIENCY
SD-00001 ASSEMBLER PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE 3
SD-00002 BASIC PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE 9
SD-00003 COBOL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE 6
SD-00020 C++ PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE 9
SD-00100 HYPER TEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE 9
SD-00115 JAVASCRIPT LANGUAGE 9
SD-00251 ADOBE PAGEMAKER 6
SD-00258 MICROFOCUS COBOL 6
SD-00276 MICROSOFT OFFICE 9
SD-00288 LOTUS APPROACH 9
SD-00305 "PRIDE"-ISEM, PHASE 3 3
SD-00310 "PRIDE"-ISEM, PHASE 4-II 6
SD-00316 "PRIDE"-ISEM, PHASE 5 9
SD-00320 "PRIDE"-ISEM, PHASE 6 6
* * * END OF OUTPUT * * *
FIGURE 2
----------------------------------------------------------------
SKILL DESCRIPTION
----------------------------------------------------------------
MAR 20, 2015 PAGE 1
**************************************************
* SKILL: SD-00132 COST/BENEFIT ANALYSIS *
**************************************************
RESOURCES PROF LAST EVAL
RE-00232 CARLEY, SIMON 6 02/03/2014
RE-00255 IGNATOWSKI, JAMES 9 01/01/2015
RE-00359 NARDO, ELAINE 6 01/01/2015
RE-00376 BANTA, TONY 3 12/01/2014
RE-00412 REGER, ALEX 6 01/01/2015
RE-00413 DEPALMA, LOUIS 1 09/01/2014
RE-00420 WHEELER, BOBBY 3 01/01/2015
RE-00423 GRAVAS, LATKA 1 03/03/2015
AVERAGE PROFICIENCY 4.4
* * * END OF OUTPUT * * *
FIGURE 3
By analyzing these reports, it may become obvious there is a lack of talent for a particular skill or set of skills. Consequently, this may trigger the need for either some training to develop the skill or recruiting new resources with such talent, or both.
If the Skills Inventory has been implemented with computer software, be sure there are some adequate search facilities to quickly reference a particular skill or resource. Also be sure data entry is simple and clean. One last caveat if creating a computerized Skills Inventory, be sure it does not interfere or overlap with anything a Human Resources department might be doing. Ideally, there should be an interface between the two.
REVIEW
Whether human or machine related, skills and proficiencies will change over time; they will not stagnate. Because of this, they should be reviewed on a routine basis to keep them up to date. Maintenance of the Skills Inventory should be delegated to a qualified person who can safeguard such records.
OTHER USES
Up to now, we have described a Skills Inventory in its most fundamental form. However, if done properly, it can be used as a tactical corporate tool, such as providing assistance when performing an "Organizational Analysis." Under this scenario, skills can be related to business functions (such as Marketing, Administration, Manufacturing, etc.). As such, assigned proficiencies should denote the minimum level required to perform the function. When compared to the average skill proficiency of resources implementing the function, it may be discovered that a function may not be adequately fulfilled. For example, a Sales function may require skills such as "Contract Preparation," "Product Presentation," etc. If we examine the personnel ultimately implementing the function, we may find they either have the wrong skill set, or are not as proficient as they need to be.
To implement something like this, we need something a little more sophisticated than the basic Skills Inventory described above. Instead, we need an enterprise-wide mechanism to track such things as business functions, organizational entities (jobs/titles/positions). For this, you will need an "IRM Repository" to catalog and cross-reference such objects as well as other information resources.
BENEFIT$
A simple Skills Inventory is easy to implement, yet offers tremendous assistance in terms of:
* Selecting suitable personnel for project assignments.
* Determining the need for additional training or recruiting new people.
* Evaluating the need to upgrade hardware.
* Career path planning - this is particularly useful when a resource masters one part of a methodology, and is ready to graduate to another.
* Interfaces with Human Resource Management.
* Holds future potential for performing such service as an "Organizational Analysis."
Try it, you will either be pleasantly surprised to know the talents your staff possesses, or come to the realization your staff needs help. Either way, you will be taking a pro-active approach to managing your department.
First published: Mar 7, 2005
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Tim Bryce is a writer and the Managing Director of M&JB Investment Company (M&JB) of Palm Harbor, Florida and has over 40 years of experience in the management consulting field. He can be reached at timb001@phmainstreet.com
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